Novel Sludge Processing Methods Focusing on Advantages and Disadvantages, Energy Production, and Bioplastics: A Systematic Review

Context: Today, the growth of excessive energy consumption and concerns about conservation natural resources has led to identification exploitation new sources. One sources is production from biomass, where sludge forms a significant source biomass. Objectives: This study aims review novel methods processing, such as dark fermentation, photofermentation, anaerobic digestion, bioelectrochemical processes, in addition their advantages disadvantages. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web Science databases between 2000 - 2022 find related articles. total 315 records were identified, which 80 studies retained that met review’s inclusion criteria. Search engines searched using some keywords, including biohydrogen, system, microbial fuel cell, electrolysis bioplastic, polyhydroxyalkanoates. Results: The reviewed have shown fermentation alone cannot produce high levels biohydrogen. However, level biohydrogen increases significantly when coupled with optical or processes. integrating other processes can be mentioned an increase production, use end products electricity generation by systems, bioplastics production. Conclusions: With development renewable sources, dependence fossil systems will reduced future. various showed combining process also Therefore, strategies at appropriate economic need developed, further research required.